JLPT N5 grammar list

All 125 grammar points that appear in JLPT N5, ordered by what is easiest to learn rather than by exam section. Open any point for its meaning, usage, two examples, and exercises.

1. 001〜ですto be; is/am/are (polite)→
2. 002〜ではありませんis/am/are not (polite)→
3. 003〜でしたwas/were (polite past)→
4. 004〜ではありませんでしたwas/were not (polite past negative)→
5. 005〜だto be (plain statement)→
6. 006〜じゃないis/am/are not (plain negative)→
7. 007これ・それ・あれ・どれthis, that, that over there, which one→
8. 008この〜・その〜・あの〜・どの〜this ..., that ..., that ... over there, which ...→
9. 009ここ・そこ・あそこ・どこhere, there, over there, where→
10. 010こちら・そちら・あちら・どちらthis way/side, that way/side, over there, which way/side→
11. 011こんな〜・そんな〜・あんな〜・どんな〜this kind of ..., that kind of ..., what kind of ...→
12. 012〜はtopic marker; as for ...→
13. 013〜もalso; too→
14. 014〜かquestion marker→
15. 015〜の（所有）'s; of (possession)→
16. 016〜の（同格・説明）as; called; who is (apposition/explanation)→
17. 017〜の（名詞化）doing; the act of (nominalizer)→
18. 018〜と（並列）and (complete listing)→
19. 019〜やsuch as; and things like→
20. 020〜ねisn't it; right? (confirmation/empathy)→
21. 021〜よyou know; I tell you (information/emphasis)→
22. 022〜が（主語）subject marker→
23. 023〜が（逆接）but; although→
24. 024〜をobject marker→
25. 025〜に（時）at; on (time)→
26. 026〜に（存在場所）in; at (place of existence)→
27. 027〜に（到着点）to; at (arrival point/target)→
28. 028〜へto; toward (direction)→
29. 029〜で（場所）at; in (place of action)→
30. 030〜で（手段）by; with; using (means)→
31. 031〜で（材料）with/from (material)→
32. 032〜から（起点）from; starting at→
33. 033〜までuntil; to→
34. 034〜から〜までfrom ... to; from ... until→
35. 035〜から（理由）because; so→
36. 036〜のでbecause; since→
37. 037〜けどbut; although→
38. 038〜けれどもbut; although→
39. 039〜でもeven; even if it is→
40. 040そしてand then; and→
41. 041それからafter that; then→
42. 042しかしhowever; but→
43. 043〜ごろaround; about (time)→
44. 044〜くらい・ぐらいabout; approximately→
45. 045〜だけonly; just→
46. 046〜しか〜ないonly; nothing but→
47. 047〜よりthan; compared with→
48. 048〜は〜より〜A is more ... than B→
49. 049〜より〜ほうが〜... is more ... than ...→
50. 050〜のほうが〜the ... one is more ...→
51. 051〜と〜とどちらwhich of A and B→
52. 052〜で一番〜the most ... in/among ...→
53. 053〜ほど〜ないnot as ... as ...→
54. 054い形容詞i-adjective present affirmative→
55. 055い形容詞くないi-adjective present negative→
56. 056い形容詞かったi-adjective past affirmative→
57. 057い形容詞くなかったi-adjective past negative→
58. 058い形容詞＋名詞i-adjective modifying a noun→
59. 059い形容詞くてi-adjective te-form connector→
60. 060い形容詞くi-adjective adverbial form→
61. 061な形容詞is/are ... (na-adjective, present affirmative)→
62. 062な形容詞じゃないis not ... (na-adjective, plain negative)→
63. 063な形容詞だったwas/were ... (na-adjective, plain past affirmative)→
64. 064な形容詞じゃなかったwas/were not ... (na-adjective, plain past negative)→
65. 065な形容詞な＋名詞... noun (na-adjective modifying a noun)→
66. 066な形容詞でand/so ... (connecting na-adjectives)→
67. 067な形容詞に...-ly/in a ... way (na-adjective modifying a verb)→
68. 068名詞でis/being ... and/so (connecting nouns)→
69. 069名詞・な形容詞になるbecome ... (noun/na-adjective change)→
70. 070い形容詞くなるbecome ... (i-adjective change)→
71. 071名詞にするchoose/decide on ... (noun)→
72. 072い形容詞くするmake ... (i-adjective state)→
73. 073動詞ますdo/will do (polite non-past affirmative)→
74. 074動詞ませんdo not/will not do (polite non-past negative)→
75. 075動詞ましたdid (polite past affirmative)→
76. 076動詞ませんでしたdid not do (polite past negative)→
77. 077動詞辞書形dictionary form of verbs→
78. 078動詞ない形plain negative verb form→
79. 079動詞た形plain past verb form→
80. 080動詞て形te-form of verbs→
81. 081〜がありますthere is/are (things)→
82. 082〜がいますthere is/are (people or animals)→
83. 083〜ている（進行）be doing (in progress)→
84. 084〜ている（状態）be in a resulting state→
85. 085〜てあるhas been done on purpose→
86. 086〜てくださいplease do→
87. 087〜をくださいplease give me→
88. 088〜をお願いしますplease, I would like→
89. 089〜ないでくださいplease do not→
90. 090〜てはいけないmust not do→
91. 091〜ちゃいけない・じゃいけないmust not; not allowed to (casual prohibition)→
92. 092〜てもいいmay; it is okay to do→
93. 093〜なくてもいいdo not have to; need not→
94. 094〜てからafter doing→
95. 095〜て、〜and; do and then→
96. 096〜ないでwithout doing; do not→
97. 097〜ないといけないhave to; must (spoken)→
98. 098〜なくてはいけないhave to; must→
99. 099〜なくてはならないmust; have to (formal)→
100. 100〜なければならないmust; have to (formal)→
101. 101〜なくちゃhave to; gotta (casual)→
102. 102〜なきゃhave to; gotta (very casual)→
103. 103〜ましょうlet's do→
104. 104〜ませんかwould you like to; why don't we→
105. 105〜ましょうかshall I/we; shall I do it for you→
106. 106〜たいwant to do→
107. 107〜がほしいwant something→
108. 108〜たほうがいいhad better do→
109. 109〜ないほうがいいhad better not do→
110. 110〜たことがあるhave done before→
111. 111〜たり〜たりdo things such as→
112. 112〜つもりintend to do→
113. 113〜前にbefore doing→
114. 114〜あとでafter doing→
115. 115〜ときwhen→
116. 116〜に行くgo to do→
117. 117〜方how to do→
118. 118〜のが好きlike doing→
119. 119〜のが上手be good at doing→
120. 120〜のが下手be poor at doing→
121. 121〜ことができるcan do→
122. 122〜んです・のですit is that; you see→
123. 123〜でしょうprobably; right?→
124. 124〜だろうprobably; I think→
125. 125お〜・ご〜polite honorific prefix→